A graph showing how root-fungus mycorrhizal associations in plant lineages have lost the capacity to establish the ancestral arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Along the top is a timeline of plant development from early land plants to gymnosperms to angiosperms highlighting certain mycorrhizal symbioses (non-AM Haplomitriopsida, AM hosts, non-AM Pinaceae, non-AM Ericaceae, non-AM Orchidaceae, non-AM Brassicaceae). Below is a grid of ortholog presence/absence for pre-symbiotic communication, preparation for intracellular fungal accommodation, nutrient exchange, and regulation of symbiosis. Only the AM host column has all the orthologs present.
10. Unearthing the plant–microbe quid pro quo in root associations with beneficial fungi in @newphyt.bsky.social
doi.org/10.1111/nph.18061
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