Title: India’s richer and poorer states have grown further apart in per capita incomes Sub-title: Relative per capita income of states, over time Explanation: Line chart of relative per-capita income (India = 100 each year). Karnataka rises from ₹93 in 1981 to ₹174 by 2021, accelerating after the early 2010s. West Bengal falls from ₹109 in 1981 to ₹83 by 2021. The gap widens sharply after the 2010s. Source: Statistics on subnational accounts, MoSPI (accessed via the DBIE portal, RBI) Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 Economic activity is not uniformly spread across the country. Among India’s 28 states and eight union territories, there are significant differences in relative affluence as well as in the trajectories of their economic development.

#Economy #States #GDP #India #DataForIndia

An average Indian’s Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE) on everything except investments is a little under ₹5,000 or USD 60, according to the 2023 Household Consumption Expenditure Survey.

#HouseholdSpending #LivingStandards #India #DataForIndia

Title: 2024 was the hottest year on record in India Sub-title: Annual mean surface air temperature, 1901–2024 Explanation: A line chart shows annual mean surface air temperature for India from 1901 to 2024, with strong year-to-year fluctuations and a clear upward trend, especially after 2000. The series rises by about 0.9°C over the full period and peaks in 2024 at roughly 25.7°C, the highest value shown. A note indicates the y-axis starts at 23.5°C to highlight annual variation. Source: India Meteorological Department (IMD) Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 Global temperatures have been rising at a clear and measurable pace, with the past decade (2015–2025) being the warmest on record, and approximately 1.1°C warmer than pre-industrial levels (1850–1900).

#Temperature #Climate #Heat #India #DataForIndia

Title: Fewer than one in four jobs in India are salaried Sub-title: Share of salaried workers by country (2022) Explanation: Only 23% of India's jobs are salaried; far below advanced economies like the United States (94%) and Japan (89%), and also trailing emerging economies such as Brazil (68%), Sri Lanka (58%), China (54%), Indonesia (47%), and Bangladesh (46%). Only Nigeria (15%) ranks lower among the countries shown. Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 Salaried workers are a minority in India's workforce, making up only 23% of workers. In contrast, more than half of the global workforce is in salaried employment.

#Salary #Jobs #Work #India #DataForIndia

Title: Richest Indian households consume over twice as much electricity as poorest Sub-title: Average monthly household electricity consumption, by wealth (2023) Explanation: Electricity use rising steadily with wealth quintiles: poorest 60 kWh, poorer 72 kWh, middle 85 kWh, richer 103 kWh, richest 137 kWh. Source: Household Consumer Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2022–23, National Statistical Office Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 There has been a significant expansion in access to electricity across India. In 2000, only about 60% of India’s population had access to electricity. By 2021, this figure had risen to 99.6%.

#Electricity #Power #Lighting #India #DataForIndia

Female and male unemployment rate India, by level of education (2024) Explanation: Unemployment in India is low among people with little or no schooling, but rises sharply with education. While less than 1% of Indians educated only up to the primary level are unemployed, more than 13% of those with a graduate degree or higher are jobless. Female unemployment is significantly higher at this level. Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2023–2024, National Statistical Office

🧵 With approximately 625 million workers, India represents the world's second-largest labour market. One important way to understand the labour market is by looking at unemployment rates.

#Work #Employment #Unemployment #India #DataForIndia

Sub-title: Top five most widely invoked sections across criminal laws (2010–2020) Explanation: Cheque-bouncing (Section 138, Negotiable Instruments Act) is highest at 2.79 million, followed by rash-driving (Section 279, IPC) at 1.91 million. Minor traffic offences (Section 177, Motor Vehicles Act) at 1.57 million, voluntarily causing hurt (Section 323, IPC) at 1.44 million, driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol (Section 185, Motor Vehicles Act) at 1.15 million.

🧵 The full extent of people's interactions with the law in India can be difficult to quantify.

#CriminalLaw #Legal #Law #India #DataForIndia

🧵 Childhood vaccinations are a cornerstone of India’s public health programme, playing an essential role in reducing infant mortality in the country.

#Immunisation #PublicHealth #Health #India #DataForIndia

India has far fewer cars per 1,000 people (31) than countries like Germany (577) and China (181), but many more two-wheelers (172). Sri Lanka also has very high two-wheeler ownership (265) with low car ownership (40). Brazil and South Africa skew toward cars over two-wheelers. Source: World Road Statistics, International Road Federation

🧵 India's roads host nearly 260 million two-wheelers and 50 million cars. This translates to 185 two-wheelers and 34 cars per 1,000 people.

#TwoWheeler #Car #Vehicle #India #DataForIndia

Title: Life expectancy grows once a person survives early childhood in India Sub-title: Life expectancy in India by age, over time Explanation: Life expectancy at birth in India rose sharply from about 41 years in 1950 to about 72 years by 2024, largely reflecting big gains in survival in infancy and early childhood. Once someone makes it past childhood, expected lifespan is much higher and has improved more gradually: in 2024, a 15-year-old can expect to live to about 75, and a 65-year-old to about 81. Source: World Population Prospects, 2024 Revision (UN Population Division) Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 One of independent India's most remarkable successes has been the vast improvement in its life expectancy. In 1950, a child born in India could expect to live only until the age of 41. By 2024, the life expectancy at birth in India had gone up to 72 years.

#Population #India #DataForIndia

Title: Nearly half of all self-employed women in India work as unpaid helpers Sub-title: Type of self-employment, by gender (2024) Explanation: Among self-employed men, 73% are own-account workers, 9% are employers, and 18% are unpaid helpers. In contrast, only 50% of self-employed women are own-account workers, around 1% are employers, and 49% work as unpaid helpers. The data highlights a sharp gender gap in the nature of self-employment, with women far more likely than men to be engaged as unpaid helpers in household enterprises. Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey 2023–24, National Statistics Office Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 Six in ten workers in India are self-employed, making up the largest category of workers.

#Employment #SelfEmployment #Work #India #DataForIndia

Title: The gender gap in enrolment at the elementary level in India has now been closed Sub-title: Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in elementary education by gender, over time Explanation: Enrolment in India has increased over time, especially in elementary education. Primary enrolment now exceeds 100%, and Upper primary enrolment reached about 95% by 2021. Female enrolment rose dramatically and now matches or slightly exceeds male enrolment at primary and upper primary levels. Source: Unified District Information System for Education, Ministry of Education Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 One of the most remarkable stories of change in India has been the successful effort to bring most children into schools.

#Enrolment #Education #HigherEducation #India #DataForIndia

Title: Births in India are now most likely to be to women in their late twenties Sub-title: Share of annual births in India by age of mother, over time Explanation: Since the 1950s, the largest share of births in India was to women aged 20–24. Over time, this has shifted: the share to women aged 25–29 has become the largest, and projections suggest births to women in their late twenties and early thirties will account for a greater share in the future. Source: World Population Prospects, 2024 Revision, United Nations Population Division (data after 2024 are projections) Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 Across the world, as incomes and access to education rise, women begin to marry and have children at a later age.

#Birth #Population #Fertility #India #DataForIndia

Title: The richest Indians are twice as likely to consume dairy products daily as the poorest Sub-title: Frequency of dairy consumption among adults, by wealth group (2021) Explanation: Half of adult Indians consume dairy products daily, while three out of four have them at least once a week. Dairy consumption rises sharply with income, with fewer than one in three of the poorest Indians consume dairy daily, compared to two in three of the richest Indians. Source: National Family Health Survey 5 (2019-21), IIPS Attribution: Data For India | CCBY

🧵 Dairy is a key source of nutrients, and plays a particularly important role in children's and women's health.

#Dairy #Nutrition #Health #India #DataForIndia

Title: One in four Indians is below the poverty line for lower-middle-income countries Sub-title: Share of population living in poverty in India over time, by poverty line Explanation: 24% of India's population was poor in 2022 using the LMIC poverty line of $4.20 per day. Poverty has declined significantly from 1977 to 2022 across all three World Bank poverty lines, with the most dramatic reduction occurring after 2005. Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 Poverty lines help track and compare the levels of poverty in countries across the world.

#Poverty #Economy #WorldBank #India #DataForIndia

Title: Half of all houses in rural India are partially durable or non-durable Sub-title: Share of households, by durability of their house (2021) Explanation: Only 49% of rural households live in fully durable houses compared to 86% in urban areas. 45% of rural households live in partially durable houses and 6% in non-durable houses. Source: National Family Health Survey (2019–21), IIPS Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 The quality of our homes is central to our health, comfort, safety and overall well-being. Six in ten Indian households lived in durable houses as of 2021. Another three in ten lived in partially durable houses.

#House #Housing #LivingConditions #India #DataForIndia

Title: Only one in four Indians can send and receive an email Sub-title: Share of population that can send and receive email, by state (2023) Explanation: A choropleth map of India shows that only about one in four Indians can send and receive an email. Richer, more educated states such as Gujarat, Kerala and Maharashtra have around one in three adults with this skill, while poorer states such as Odisha, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal have fewer than one in five. Source: Comprehensive Annual Modular Survey (CAMS), Round 79, NSO, 2022–23 Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 Access to mobile phones and the internet in India has expanded rapidly over the last decade. However, there is a gap in the technical skills needed to use these technologies effectively to communicate, learn and work.

#ICT #Technology #DigitalIndia #India #DataForIndia

Title: Most factories in India employ fewer than fifty workers Sub-title: Share of factories in India, by employment size (2023) Explanation: A treemap shows that small factories dominate India’s organised manufacturing. Forty‑two percent of factories employ fewer than 20 workers and another 23% employ 20–49 workers, so nearly two‑thirds of factories have fewer than 50 workers. Mid-sized factories with 50–99 employees make up 13% of all factories, while 19% employ 100–999 workers and only 3% employ 1,000 or more workers. Source: Annual Survey of Industries, 2001 and 2023, MoSPI, GoI Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 Manufacturing is a key driver of India’s economy. Organised manufacturing that takes place mainly in factories accounts for 90% of the economic value created within manufacturing.

#Factories #Jobs #Manufacturing #Economy #India #DataForIndia

Title: Many Indian states have lower fertility rates than developed countries Sub-title: Total Fertility Rate of Indian states and developed countries (2023) Explanation: Horizontal bar chart comparing 7 Indian states and 7 developed countries by total fertility rate (children per woman). West Bengal and Tamil Nadu have the lowest TFR at 1.30, below Japan’s 1.21, while Maharashtra (1.40) and Telangana, Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh (all 1.50) are compared with Finland (1.28), Norway (1.41), Portugal and Denmark (1.51), Iceland (1.54), and the United Kingdom (1.56). The main takeaway is that several Indian states now have fertility levels similar to or lower than those in many developed countries. Source: Sample Registration System Annual Statistical Report 2023 (RGI) and World Population Prospects 2024 Revision (UN Population Division) Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 When a country's Total Fertility Rate (TFR) drops to 2.1, meaning that a woman is likely to have 2.1 children on average over her lifetime, demographers say that the country has reached 'replacement fertility'.

#Fertility #Births #Population #India #DataForIndia

However, most women in manufacturing are concentrated in just a few sectors. Four broad sectors - apparel, textiles, tobacco, and food products - together employ more than three out of four women working in this field.

#Manufacturing #Economy #India #DataForIndia

Title: Over half of all women in India were anaemic as of 2021 Sub-title: Map showing prevalence of anaemia among women aged 15–49 in India, by state (2021) Explanation: A choropleth map of India where each state is shaded from light to dark purple to show the share of women aged 15–49 who are anaemic. Darker states represent higher prevalence, with West Bengal indicated as having the highest incidence. A note highlights that even richer states such as Gujarat have about two in three women who are anaemic. At the bottom, text defines anaemia as haemoglobin below 12.0 g/dl. Source: National Family Health Survey 5 (2019–21), IIPS Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 Over half of all women aged 15-49 in India were anaemic as of 2021, according to the National Family Health Survey’s (NFHS) 5th round.

#Women #Children #Anaemia #Health #India #DataForIndia

Title: Child and youth populations are shrinking in India Sub-title: Total population by age-group in India, over time Explanation: India’s child population (aged 0–14) peaked around 2010 and has been falling since. Over the next few decades, the population aged 60 and above is projected to rise steeply and eventually become larger than the population of children. Source: World Population Prospects 2024 Revision, UN Population Division Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 India's population growth began to slow down in the 1980s, primarily driven by falling birth rates.

#Births #Deaths #Fertility #Population #India #DataForIndia

Title: Only four in ten graduate women in India are in the labour force Sub-title: Workforce status of graduates in India, by gender (2024) Explanation: A divided bar compares female and male graduates by three labour market statuses: workers, unemployed, and out of the labour force. Among women graduates, 33% are workers, 9% are unemployed, and 59% are out of the labour force. Among men graduates, 78% are workers, 9% are unemployed, and 13% are out of the labour force, showing that a much larger share of women graduates are neither working nor seeking work. Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey 2023–2024, NSO Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 A higher education is often seen as a pathway to better job prospects and wages.

India had 140 million graduates in 2024, with fewer than 15% of Indians above the age of 25 holding a graduate degree.

#Graduates #Work #Employment #Jobs #India #DataForIndia

Within infancy, it is the first week that is the most precarious. Over half of all infant deaths occur in the first week after birth, or in the early neonatal period.

#Mortality #Health #India #DataForIndia

Title: More than a third of all bank accounts in India were inactive in 2021 Sub-title: Women’s bank accounts are more likely to be inactive than men’s Explanation: Vertical bars compare active and inactive bank accounts for men and women in 2021. For men, 70% of accounts are active and 30% inactive. For women, 58% of accounts are active and 42% inactive. Inactivity is defined as no deposits, withdrawals, or digital payments in the previous year, and reasons include too little money in the account, distance to the bank, and lack of trust in the banking system. Source: The Global Findex Database 2021, World Bank Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 Over the last two decades, India has seen a big push towards financial inclusion. Having a bank account is an important first step in that journey, allowing account holders to receive welfare benefits, save, borrow, and invest.

#Banking #Bank #Economy #India #DataForIndia

Title: TVs are common, but washing machines rare in Indian households Sub-title: Share of households owning a television, refrigerator, washing machine, and all three assets, by consumption quintile, India, 2024 Explanation: Horizontal bar charts compare asset ownership across five household expenditure quintiles from poorest to richest. TV ownership is highest overall and rises from 39% of the poorest households to 90% of the richest. Refrigerator ownership is lower but still widespread, increasing from 12% in the poorest group to 83% in the richest. Washing machines are least common, going from 2% among the poorest to 55% among the richest. A fourth chart shows the share of households that own all three assets, climbing sharply from 2% in the poorest quintile to 52% in the richest, highlighting large gaps in access to appliances between poorer and richer households. Source: Household Consumption Expenditure Survey 2023–24, NSO Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 Measuring whether a household owns physical assets such as a TV, refrigerator, or washing machine often helps us understand its economic situation.

#Household #Assets #Economy #India #DataForIndia

🧵 Of the three broad sectors of the economy – agriculture, industry and services – agriculture remains crucial to India’s economy. But its role is changing.

#Employment #Agriculture #Economy #India #DataForIndia

Title: The relative burden of mortality is shifting towards older Indians Sub-title: Share of total deaths in India by age group, over time Explanation: Area chart showing that since 1950, the share of deaths among babies below 1 year and children 1–4 and 5–14 has fallen sharply over time, while the share among people 70+ has risen steadily, indicating that India has greatly reduced the risk of dying young and deaths are now increasingly among the elderly. Source: World Population Prospects, 2024 Revision, UN Population Division Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 Around 9.5 million people die in India every year. Over the last century, life in India has got safer - a child born in India can expect to live longer than her parents and grandparents did.

#Mortality #Deaths #Population #India #DataForIndia

Title: Which jobs do women take up in urban and rural India? Sub-title: Top occupations among women workers in India (2024) Explanation: In urban India, women workers are most likely to be garment and related trades workers or domestic, hotel and office cleaners and helpers, followed by shop salespersons and a smaller share working as primary school and early childhood teachers or cooks. Higher educated urban women are more likely to work as teachers. In rural India, women’s work is dominated by agriculture: market gardeners and crop growers make up the largest group, followed by animal producers and agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers, with smaller shares in mixed crop and animal work and subsistence crop farming. Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey 2023–2024, NSO. Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 India’s labour force consists of roughly 420 million men and 215 million women, of whom about 13 million men and 7 million women are unemployed. The rest make up what is called the workforce.

#Work #Women #Employment #LFPR #India #DataForIndia

Title: Six in ten meat-eaters in India consume it at least once a week Sub-title: Frequency of consumption among those who eat meat (2021) Explanation: Six in ten meat-eaters in India consume meat at least weekly. Weekly consumption is highest for eggs (58%), followed by chicken/meat (53%) and fish (48%). Source: National Family Health Survey 5 (2019-21), IIPS Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 Meat is widely consumed in India. 80% of Indians aged 15-49 consumed some form of animal-sourced protein (excluding dairy) as of 2021, up from 74% in 2006.

#Meat #Chicken #Health #India #DataForIndia