Before the Olympians: The Italic Iuppiter An investigation into the archaic "numen" of Jove and the lithic origins of the Roman Sky Father

Forget the marble statues—did you know the most sacred form of Iuppiter was once a prehistoric piece of flint? ⚡️🏛️

Discover why Rome’s most powerful god was once worshipped as the mountain itself.

#AncientRome #History #Iuppiter #Archaeology

ALTAR TO ZEUS HADAD, C. 190 CE. PALAZZO ALTEMPS ΘΕΩ ΑΔΑ / ΔΩ ΑΝΕΘΗ[XEN] "God Hadad show mercy". Below this was the donor's name, but it was erased in antiquity, as it was on the right and left sides of this altar, which also have dedications to Hadad, one identifying him as "LIBANEOTE", from Lebanon, and the other calling him "AKROREITE", of the high places. This altar was found in the "Syriac sanctuary" on the Janiculum, a largely C4 structure that may have been a cult centre or even a house with a large shrine area. The religion was highly syncretic - the sanctuary also housed two statues of Osiris Chronocrator, entwined with a snake representing Aion, god of circular time, and Dionysus, closely linked with Osiris. Hadad was associated with Zeus, and was a god of the mountains and of rain. In the sanctuary he was connected with Atargatis, or Venus Cœlestis. His origins lie with Baal, venerated by the Phoenicians, vilified by the jealous god of the Old Testament.

#EpigraphyTuesday leads us to my favourite #Roman museum, #PalazzoAltemps, where we find this dedication to #Zeus Hadad, an already syncretic divinity also identified with one #Iuppiter Heliopolitanus, taking us into the perplexing religious ferment of late-antique #Rome. #ClassicsBluesky 🏺

Meaning of #iuppiter It is a Latin word meaning Jupiter. Latin name of a Roman god and a planet . It was also called Iuppiter, Jove or Jovis. .. iuppiter

Significado de #iuppiter Es una palabra en Latín que significa Júpiter. Nombre en latín de un dios romano y de un planeta. También era llamado Iuppiter, Jove o Jovis... iuppiter

Significado de #iuppiter É uma palavra latina que significa Júpiter. Nome latino de um deus romano e um planeta. Também se chamava Iuppiter, Jove ou Jovis. .. iuppiter

📷 Particolare di un sacrificio a #Iuppiter da parte di Marco Aurelio alla presenza del Flamen Dialis. (Musei Capitolini)

VALETE OPTIME IN PACE DEORUM 🔥🏛️

Buongiorno #Bluesky

#Pagan #Paganism #Polytheism #Politeismo #Archeologia #Archaeology #Paganesimo #Roma #Rome #RomanPaganism #Giove #Jupiter

Significado de #iuppiter Iuppiter no es español sino uno de los nombres latinos de Júpiter (dios supremo en la mitología romana). Se supone que tiene un origen indoeuropeo en palabras como dyu ("luz") y piter ("padre"), por lo que significaría "El Padre de la Luz". .. iuppiter

Meaning of #iuppiter Iuppiter is not English but one of the Latin names for Jupiter (supreme god in Roman mythology). It is supposed to have an Indo-European origin in words like dyu ("light") and piter ("father"), so it would mean "The Father of Light". .. iuppiter

Significado de #iuppiter Iuppiter não é inglês, mas um dos nomes latinos para Júpiter (deus supremo na mitologia romana). Supõe-se que tenha uma origem indo-europeia em palavras como dyu ("luz") e piter ("pai"), por isso significaria "O Pai da Luz". .. iuppiter

Statua di Iuppiter

Iuppiter Optime Maximum 🔥🏛️

“Signore del giuramento,
Signore del diritto,
assolutamente libero”.

(Georges Dumèzil, La Religione Romana Arcaica).

VALETE OPTIME IN PACE DEORUM 🔥🏛️

#Giove #Iuppiter #RomanReligion #Religione #RomanGods #Paganism #Pagan #Divinities #Jupiter #Rome #Roma #RomaEterna