In #Nobiin :

"Tadpole"

àmànégéd

< ámán (water) + égéd (sheep)

Lit. 'water sheep'

* ⲁ̄ⲓ̈ⲛⲟⲩⲗⲟ̅ⲩ̅ⲕⲟ̄ (āynulūkō): 'kind/pure-hearted'

āy-nulū-kō
heart-white-having

* ⲁ̄ⲓ̈ⲙⲁⲥⲕⲟ̄ (āymaskō): 'kind; good-hearted'

āy-mas-kō
heart-good-having

* ⲁ̄ⲓ̈ⲇⲁⳣⳣⲓⲕⲕⲟ̄ (ādawwikkō): 'proud'

āy-dawwir-kō
heart-big/great-having

Note:
dawwir- + -kō > dawwikkō

Due to progressive assimilation

#Nobiin

#Nobiin
• ⲇⲉⲙⲓ̄ⲣⲁ (demīra)
• ⲧⲟⲥⲥⲓ (tossi); ⲁⲙⲁⲛ ⲧⲟⲥⲥⲓ (aman tossi)

#Andaandi / #Matokki
ⲇⲉⲙⲓⲣⲉ (demire)

Egy. Arabic > دميرة

Ultimately < Coptic.

Sahidic > ⲧⲉⲙⲏⲣⲉ (temēre)
Bohairic > ⲧⲁⲙⲏⲓⲣⲓ (tamēiri)

‘Annual Nile flooding’

#NubianLanguages

#Nobiin version:

《ⲫⲁⲁⲡⲕⲱⲛ ⲅⲁⲣⲕⲱⲛ ⲥⲉⳣⲁⲣⲧⲓ ⳟⲓⲥⲥⲓⲅⲱⲛ ⲧⲁⳟⲓⲥⲗⲟⲅⲟ ⲧⲓⲗⲗⲓ ⳣⲉⲉⲣ ⲁⲙⲏⲛ》

fāb-kōn* gar-kōn*
father-and son-and

sewarti ŋissi-gōn
spirit holy-and

taŋis-logo
name-with/thru

tilli wēr amēn
God one amen

* /b, r/+/g/ > /bk, rk/

fāb + -gōn > fābkōn
gar + -gōn > garkōn

a cartoon of winnie the pooh drinking honey ALT: a cartoon of winnie the pooh drinking honey

#Nobiin neologisms

ⲉⲡⲓⲱ (ebiō) 'honey, عسل' < #Coptic ⲉⲃⲓⲱ

ⲉⲡⲓⲱⲛ ⲕⲟⲩⲧⲧⲓ (ebiōn kutti*) 'bee, نحل' > lit. 'Honey fly'

ebiō-n kutti
honey-genitive fly

[Cf. Copt. ⲁϥ ⲛⲉⲃⲓⲱ 'honey fly']

* Regressive Assimilation
/l/ + /t/ > /tt/: kul-ti > kutti

#Nobiin words that are etymologically derived from #Greek

I still struggle with tones in #Nobiin sometimes, so this video summary offers great guidance on how to approach tone transcription. More please!

As a neologism from #OldNubian ⲧⲁⲡⲛⲟⲥⲕ, #Nobiin ⲧⲁⲫⲛⲟⲥⲕⲓ follows common pattern of ON. ⲡ > Nob. ⲫ. In #Andaandi / #Matokki ON. ⲡ is usually retained.

ON. Nob.
ⲡⲁⲁⲡ > ⲫⲁⲁⲡ 'father'
ⲡⲁⲣ > ⲫⲁⲣ 'write'
ⲡⲁⲣⲣⲉ > ⲫⲁⲣⲣⲉ 'field'

#Nobiin ⲧⲁⲫⲛⲟⲥⲕⲓ 'humility' < #OldNubian ⲧⲁⲡⲛⲟⲥⲕ < Gr. ταπεινός with nominalizer -ⲕ

ON. ⲅⲁⲁⲣⲕⲉⲙⲥⲟ 'world' < ⲅⲁⲁⲣ 'side, bank, shore' + ⲕⲉⲙⲥⲟ 'four'

-ⲗⲁⲧⲱⲛ 'from, of' < -ⲗⲁ 'in, at' + -ⲧⲱⲛ 'of, from' (ON. Subessive -ⲇⲟⲛ/ⲇⲱⲛ, carries the meaning 'downward')

íd wèe
man one

tàfnós-kí-kṓ
lowliness-nmlz-having

ìn gàarkémsó-látṓn
this world-locative (from)

ín-mùun*
to be-neg.3sg.present

* ín-mùun > ímmùun;

Rules of assimilation:
/n/+/m/>/mm/

#Nobiin

ⲓⲇ ⳣⲉⲉ ⲧⲁⲫⲛⲟⲥⲕⲓⲕⲱ ⲓⲛ ⲅⲁⲁⲣⲕⲉⲙⲥⲟⲗⲁⲧⲱⲛ ⲓⲙⲙⲟⲩⲟⲩⲛ

ⳟⲓⲥⲥⲟⲩ ⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ ⲛⲓⲛⳣⲉⲉⲗⲁⲧⲱⲛ

íd wèe tàfnóskíkṓ ìn gàarkémsólátṓn ímmùun

~ŋíssú ìsáak nìnwéelátṓn~

'A humble man is not of this world.'

~St. Isaac of Nineveh~

#Nobiin

ay ur-ga*
1sg 2pl-accusative

korē-n
feast-genitive

k(h)ristosi-n
Christ-gen

unnīd-ga* gūrandi-kō
birth-acc joy-having

firg-ir
wish-1sg.present

*ur-ga > ur-ka > ukka
*unnīd-ga > unnīd-ta > unnītta

#Nobiin #NubianLanguage

ⲁⲓ̈ ⲟⲩⲕⲕⲁ ⲕⲟⲣⲉⲉⲛ ⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥⲓⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲛⲓⲓⲧⲧⲁ ⲅⲟⲩⲟⲩⲣⲁⲛⲇⲓⲕⲱ ⲫⲓⲣⲅⲓⲣ

ay ukka korēn k(h)ristosin unnītta gūrandikō firgir

I wish you a joyful Christmas!

#Nobiin #NubianLanguage #Christmas    #اللغة_النوبية #حلفا_محس_فاديجا

ùlùm-gà
crocodile-accusative

bàhàr-rà*
river-locative

àn-gíi
1sg.possessive.pronoun-uncle

íig-ìnnà
call-3pl.present

* Locative postposition: -là 'in, at, by' ; after -r > -rà
bàhàr-là > bàhàr-rà

#Nobiin #NubianLanguages

a cartoon crocodile is swimming in the water ALT: a cartoon crocodile is swimming in the water

#Nobiin ⲟⲩⲗⲟⲩⲙ (ùlùm), #Andaandi / #Mattoki ⲉⲗⲟⲩⲙ (elum): 'crocodile'

#NobiinProverb
ⲟⲩⲗⲟⲩⲙⲅⲁ ⲡⲁϩⲁⲣⲣⲁ ⲁⲛⲅⲓⲓ ⲓⲓⲅⲓⲛⲛⲁ

ùlùmgà báhárrá àngíi íigìnnà

'In the river, call the crocodile uncle.'

#NubianLanguages

gùgmè-g
owl-accusative

érg-í
follow-3sg.present

hàráab-ìl júù(r/l)
ruin-locative to go

#Nobiin ##NubianLanguages

an owl is sitting on a snowy branch in the dark ALT: an owl is sitting on a snowy branch in the dark

#Nobiin ⲅⲟⲩⲅⲙⲉ (gùgmè), pl. ⲅⲟⲩⲅⲙⲉⲅⲟⲩⲟⲩ/ⲅⲟⲩⲅⲙⲉⲉⲛϭⲓⲓ (gùgmègúu/gùgmèenčìi): 'Owl'

#Matokki / #Andaandi ⲟⲩⲅⲙⲉ (ugme)

#NobiinProverb :
ⲅⲟⲩⲅⲙⲉⲅ ⲉⲣⲅⲓ ϩⲁⲣⲁⲁⲡⲓⲗ ⳝⲟⲩⲟⲩ
(gùgmèg érgí hàráabìl júù)

'He who follows owls, reaches ruins'

i.e. Following bad/evil company leads to ruin

#Meroitic
𐦲𐦷𐦲𐦡
(kdke /kandakə/): 'queen, queen-mother'

#Nobiin ⲕⲁⲛⲇⲁⲕⲉ (kandake)

#Greek: κανδάκη (kandákē)
plural: κανδάκες (kandákes) >

#Latin : Candacē > #English : Candace

#Nobiin
ⲟⲩⲟⲩ ⳣⲉⲉⳣⲉⲉⲕⲁ ⲇⲟⲗⲗⲓⳝⲟⲩⲣ
ū wēwēka dollijur

#Andaandi
ⲁⲣ ⳣⲉⲉⲣⳣⲉⲉⲕⲓ ⲇⲟⲗⲗⲟⲩ
ar wērwēki dollu

'We love each other'

#Nobiin
ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲓ ⳣⲉⲉⳣⲉⲉⲛ ⲉⲉⲛⲅⲁⲕⲟⲩⲟⲩ ⲗⲓ

ūi wērwēn ēngakū li:

'We are each other's brothers'

In #OldNubian , reciprocity is expressed through reduplication of ⲟⲩⲉⲗ (ouel) ‘one’: ⲟⲩⲉⲣⲟⲩⲉⲗ (ouerouel) ‘each other’. The reduplicated root is weak & exhibits regressive assimilation.

*Modern #Nobiin ⳣⲉⲉⲣⳣⲉⲉ (wērwē), ⳣⲉⲉⳣⲉⲉ (wēwē) 'one another'

#Nobiin ⲕⲟⳡⲓⲅⲟⲩⳡⲓ (koɲiguɲi): 'face/medical mask'

ⲕⲟⳡ (koɲ): 'face' + ⲅⲟⲩⳡⲓ (guɲi): 'shield'
> ⲕⲟⳡⲓⲅⲟⲩⳡⲓ (koɲiguɲi): lit 'face-shield'

#OldNubian terms for 'shield': ⲅⲟⲩⲉⲓ (gouei) & ⲕⲁⲣ (kar). The latter survives in modern #Andaandi & #Matokki

Cf. #Nobiin ⲥⲟⲡⲉⲉ (sobē);
#Andaandi / #Matokki ⲥⲁⲡⲉⲉ (sabē); #OldNubian: ⲥⲁⲩⲁ̄ⲧⲁⲛ = 'wall'

#OldNubian
ⲇⲓⳟⲁⲣⲟⲗⲅⲟⲩⲛⲁ ⲥⲁⲩⲁ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲁⲗⲱ
(πολεμουμένων τεῖχος)

Source: Stauros-Text (St): 1983e, ’Griffith’s Stauros-Text’

Note: both #OldNubian & modern #Nobiin have strong phonological restrictions on consonant clusters. In #OldNubian Gr. ksi appears only in loanwords & is written ⳅ or ϩ̄:

ⲁ̄ⲗⲉⳅⲁⲛⲇⲣⲉⲛ ϣⲕ̄ⲅⲟⲩⲗⲁ : 'district of Alexandria'

alexandre-n
Alexandria-genitive

šik-gou-la
district-ground-dative

#Nobiin neologism:

ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲛⲉⲉ (ūnē) 'mind'

ⲉⲣⲡ- (erb-) 'to level, make smooth'

-ⲕⲱ (-kō) ; adj forming suffix 'having'; also occurs independently as noun meaning 'owner':

ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲛⲉⲉ (ūnē) + ⲉⲣⲡⲓⲕⲱ (erbikō) >

ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲛⲉⲣⲡⲓⲕⲱ (ūnerbikō):

'equanimity' (lit. 'mind-level-having')

Reconstructed #OldNubian #Calque :

ⲡⲁⲛⲛ- (to trouble, be troubled) + -ⲕⳡ̄ⳡ "(to be) without" >

ⲡⲁⲛⲛⲓⲕⲓⳡⳡ (pannikiɲɲ)

Following general trend of consonantal shifts from ON to modern #Nobiin:

word-initial ⲡ > ⲫ

ⲫⲁⲛⲛⲓⲕⲓⳡⳡⲓ (fannikiɲɲi)

Pan-sahelo-saharan word?

#Tamajeq :
ekade = stone, stone for cook
Sekkedew = to cook

#Fulani :
Keetu = stone for fire

#Soninke :
Gide = stone

#Nobiin :
Kid = stone

Some phonological diff bw #OldNubian & modern #Nobiin:

In ON, /n/ is restricted to medial & final position; /m/, /ŋ/ to initial & medial; /ɲ/ to medial.

In modern Nob., /ŋ/ is only medial or final. Most words with initial /ŋ/ in ON have /n/ in Nob.:

Other examples with verb -áŋil / -áŋgir :

íd-áŋ : 'become a man'
jágád-áŋ : 'become weak'
dàwwír-áŋ : 'become/grow old'

kèyyà ídáŋìs
'Growing up, I became a man.'

ìssáaká jágádáŋóòs
'Now I have become weak.'

ìssáaká ày dàwwíráŋóòs
'Now I have grown old.'

#Nobiin #NubianLanguage

#Andaandi / #Matokki ŏr; ŏrū, ŏ́rw-ī (plural): 'king, chief'

ŏr-bāb, ur-bāb: 'king and father'

#Andaandi / #Matokki ur-an
#Nobiin ur-aŋ: 'become king'

In Nobiin, 'becoming' is expressed thru verb -áŋir / -áŋil: 'to become', which attaches directly to noun

#NubianLanguages

#Nobiin ŭ́ru, #OldNubian ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩ (ourou): 'king'

Ultimately derived from #Meroitic
𐦳𐦣𐦫𐦡
> qore/qurə: 'ruler, sovereign'

Cf. #Nuer kuäär 'king, chief'

Pic: ⲙⲱⲩ̄ⲥⲏ ⲅⲉⲱⲣⲅⲓⲱⲥⲓ ⲇⲱⲧⲁⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲟⲩ
Moses George, King of Dotawo (Makuria)