It's electric in the fog don't get high #photooftheday #photograghy #high #electric #voltage #fog #alternative #my #refractive #photos #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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Abstract: Butterfly wings exhibit optical phenomena resulting from pigments as well as from intricate nanostructures of the scales that plays an important role in their ecology mainly, communication, thermoregulation as well as mating. In our study, we examined the optical behavior of butterfly wing scales by analyzing their percent reflectance, absorbance, percent transmittance, and effective refractive index using ultraviolet–visible near-infrared (UV–Vis-NIR) spectroscopy which is a valuable analytical technique that provide details of the optical properties of materials. In the study conducted with 10 butterflies, the UV, visible, and NIR regions are highlighted to determine the optical properties of butterflies. From the study, it is explored that the UV region exhibit major absorbance, the visible region exhibits major reflectance, and infrared regions exhibit minor reflectance. Optical parameters other than reflectance and absorbance are derived from the spectroscopic data and plotted using Origin software. The percent reflectance, absorbance, percent transmittance, effective refractive index, and their respective wavelength of butterflies studied vary across species. Ariadne merione is observed to have the highest percent reflectance and the lowest is observed in the Eurema hecabe. The overall percentage of reflectance observed in the study ranges between 46%–68%. The absorbance is observed highest for Parantica aglea and lowest for Ypthima huebneri with optimum absorbance ranging between 1.23–0.82. The highest transmittance percentage is observed for Tirumala septentrionis, and the lowest value is observed in Mycalesis mineus and E. hecabe with optimum transmittance ranging between 63% to 47%, respectively. The refractive index was analyzed using the Fresnel equation, followed by an empirical Cauchy dispersion fit to characterize its wavelength dependence. The results revealed unusually high refractive index values for a biological specimen, indicating an effective refractive index behavior influenced by structural, pigmentation and optical complexity rather than representing the intrinsic material refractive index. This study is the first record on comprehensively determining the optical properties of Indian butterflies especially effective refractive index using UV–Vis-NIR spectroscopy.
New from Applied Spectroscopy!
Analysis of the Optical Properties of Butterflies Using Ultraviolet–Visible Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Read more: https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028251397426
#SAS #Spectroscopy #UVVis #NIR #Butterfly #wing #refractive #index
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Participating last week as a mentor in the #ESCRS2026 BOSS mentorship program. Enjoyed learning about #ophthalmology practice in Scandinavia from #cataract & #refractive surgeons from Finland
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In Helsinki 🇫🇮🇪🇺 for the #ESCRS2026 Winter Meeting European Conference of #Cataract & #Refractive Surgery. Special track on #presbyopia this year!
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The #Meter: In the North Atlantic, the Standard Meter (based on #light #speed) will #measure #animals' travel distance as "longer" than it is, because the #Refractive #Index (n) of the medium is slowing their perceived #progress.
—Google
#vss365 #true #dystopian #crime
#suppressed #UNSC #technology
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Abstract: Inverse least squares (ILS) regression is an advancement of classical least squares (CLS) regression, enabling the calculation of concentrations without requiring prior knowledge of the number of components in a mixture. Complex-valued ILS further enhances the performance of ILS by incorporating the complex refractive index function, as demonstrated in the thermodynamically ideal mixtures of benzene–toluene and benzene–cyclohexane. In both systems, the mean absolute error can be reduced by over 50% using the leave-one-out cross-validation (LVOOCV) scheme with complex-valued ILS. Additional error reduction is achievable by leveraging correlations between the errors and the imaginary components of the concentrations or volume fractions. Since the complex refractive index function can be conveniently determined using conventional infrared spectroscopy through the Kramers–Kronig relations, we believe that complex-valued machine learning has the potential to significantly advance analytical applications.
New from Applied Spectroscopy!
Complex-Valued Chemometrics in Spectroscopy: Inverse Least Squares Regression
Read more: https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028251358392
#SAS #Spectroscopy #Chemometrics #refractive #index #Inverse #Least #Squares #Regression
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Another of nature's stained glass trees @my_refractive_photos #photooftheday #photograghy #refraction #night #abstract #rain #art #alternative #my #refractive #photos #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow #abstractart
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Golden bush by the dump at the weir @my_refractive_photos #photography #photooftheday #refraction #art #water #night #Golden #bush #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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Fig tree in the night rain @my_refractive_photos #photooftheday #photograghy #refraction #night #rain #abstract #art #tree #fig #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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Golden showers are hard to put artistically, so I'll leave with you. #photooftheday #photography #refraction #night #rain #abstract #art #tree #golden #showers #alternative #my #refractive #photos #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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Rolling the rain with a liquid Rolling pin #photooftheday #Rolling #pin #photograghy #refraction #night #rain #abstract #art #tree #fig #leaf #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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Window through the refracted rain #photooftheday #photograghy #refraction #night #rain #abstract #art #Window #through #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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Some of my favourite images were from this trip out in the freezing fog to the substation at silly o'clock #photooftheday #photograghy #refraction #night #rain #abstract #art #freezing #fog #silly #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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Unusually the rain on the fig leaves is refracted #photography #photooftheday #refraction #art #water #droplet #fig #leaves #Unusual #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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A golden window illusion in cold night rain #photooftheday #photography #refraction #night #rain #abstract #art #window #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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I love the smell the refraction in the morning #photooftheday #photograghy #refraction #night #rain #abstract #art #tree #leaves #abstractart #love #smell #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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Trees in the fog at first light on a winter day #photography #photooftheday #refraction #art #winter #day #first #light #abstract #art #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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Lattice effect of trees in the early morning fog #photooftheday #photograghy #refraction #night #rain #abstract #art #tree #fog #lattice #effect #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart ##bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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Abstract: We present the first implementation of complex-valued classical least squares (CLS) regression in spectroscopy. Although the results indicate that complex-valued CLS does not outperform methods that utilize only the more suitable part of the complex refractive index spectra, it includes an error detection feature that enables a self-correction mechanism. This mechanism decreases the mean absolute error (MAE) to approximately 26% relative to using only the mid-infrared (MIR) absorption index (k) spectra for CLS, and to about 46% relative to using only the MIR refractive index (n) spectra of benzene–toluene mixtures. For benzene–cyclohexane mixtures, the MAE was reduced to approximately 75% relative to the k spectra and 58% relative to the n spectra. In contrast, for benzene–carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) mixtures, i.e., a system that exhibits particularly large deviations from Beer’s law, no improvement over the n spectra was observed; the n-based MAE was 81% relative to the k spectra. These percentages may further vary based on the complexity of the system, the spectral regions selected for CLS and the corresponding deviations from Beer’s approximation.
New from Applied Spectroscopy!
Complex-Valued Chemometrics in Spectroscopy: Classical Least Squares Regression
Read more: https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028251343908
#SAS #Spectroscopy #FTIR #refractive #absorption #index #Least #Squares #Regression
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Trees at dawn on a winter day #photooftheday #photograghy #refraction #dawn #sunny #winter #day #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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A sunny bloom for a dull, dull dreary day made for make believe #photooftheday #flower #bloom #photograghy #refraction #night #rain #abstract #art #dreary #day #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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Early mornings aren't for everyone especially when greeted by a freezing fog, but the trees don't mind #photography #photooftheday #refraction #art #tree #foggy #mind #morning #everyone #alternative ##my #refractive #photos #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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A tree's branches at dawn in the fog at sunrise #photooftheday #photograghy #refraction #night #rain #abstract #art #tree #branches #fog #sunrise #dawn #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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Security spike in the night rain #photooftheday #photograghy #refraction #night #rain #abstract #art #security #spikes #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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Are the joys of a foggy sunrise in the wood #photooftheday #photograghy #refraction #night #rain #abstract #art #tree #wood #foggy #sunrise #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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Heavy night rain refracted at the river by the weir #photooftheday #photograghy #refraction #night #rain #abstract #art #river #heavy #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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Explosion of light refracted in the night rain #photooftheday #photograghy #refraction #night #rain #abstract #art #explosion #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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Sunrise through the trees #photography #photooftheday #refraction #art #tree #sunshine #sunrise #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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Dead leaves in the winter fog #photooftheday #photograghy #refraction #night #rain #abstract #art #tree #leaves #dead #fog #morning #alternative #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow
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Golden leaf in the night rain #photooftheday #photograghy #refraction #night #rain #abstract #art #tree #leaves #alternative #bluesky #blueskyart #blueskyArtShow #my #refractive #photos #forsale #abstractart
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