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Phage homing endonuclease amplifies anti-defense genes to evade bacterial immunity - Nature Communications Phages employ diverse counter-defense strategies to overcome bacterial immune systems. Here, the authors reveal that the phage homing nuclease SegB facilitates immune evasion by promoting the segmenta...

Happy to share our new work on how phages escape bacterial immunity.

We show that a phage homing endonuclease drives segmental amplification of anti-defense genes, pointing to a versatile and rapid mode of adaptation.

www.nature.com/articles/s41...

#PhageSky #MicroSky

2 days ago 49 23 4 1

Dissecting the genetic determinants of bacterial DNA degradation by bacteriophage T5 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04...

2 weeks ago 11 6 0 0
Rage against the mean: a perspective on measuring fitness of individual phage particles - npj Viruses npj Viruses - Rage against the mean: a perspective on measuring fitness of individual phage particles

@paulturnerlab.bsky.social and I wrote a perspective on the need and recently developed approaches to study individual virus traits in the most numerous viruses on our planet (phages).

Let's move beyond measuring the mean #phagesky

www.nature.com/articles/s44...

#microsky #virology #microscopy

2 weeks ago 31 7 1 1

The PhageExpressionAtlas just made it to bioRxiv. Visually explore the transcriptomes of phage-host interactions or harness the database for analysis across infections! Please leave feedback, which functionalities/data you find missing.
Preprint:
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...

#phagesky #microsky

2 weeks ago 22 10 1 0
Phage receptor prediction from genome sequencing alone. Bacterial receptor (blue) interacting with phage proteins (purple) is shown here

Phage receptor prediction from genome sequencing alone. Bacterial receptor (blue) interacting with phage proteins (purple) is shown here

📣Huge preprint 🔔
Today we share something our group has been working toward for a long time, led by @lucasmoriniere.bsky.social We asked can we predict which receptor a phage targets from its genome sequence alone? For most phages, we couldn’t. So Lucas set out to do something I had only dreamed of.

2 weeks ago 211 113 6 7
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How do you kill a MRSA superbug armed with 15 different anti-phage defense systems? You make a smarter phage. Check out our latest preprint on overcoming bacterial immunity using defense-guided engineering to build durable therapeutic phage cocktails! Led by Sarah Voss. doi.org/10.64898/202...

3 weeks ago 81 43 3 1

Engineered phages evade the complete defense repertoire of highly phage-resistant MRSA clinical isolates www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03...

3 weeks ago 10 6 0 0

Excited to share the first preprint from the lab! We show that ApeA defends against RNA phage infection by cleaving the phage genome:

www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...

1 month ago 96 45 1 4
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Dynamics of phage-host interactions in Bacteroides fragilis resolved by single-cell transcriptomics - Nature Communications Phage-bacteria interactions are typically studied in bulk culture, which obscures cell-cell differences. Here the authors study phage-bacteria interactions using single-cell transcriptomics, identifyi...

Paper out: Profiling of lytic phage infection in individual B. fragilis cells with bacterial scRNA-seq. Congratulations Anika Gupta, Norma Morella, @monochamussutor.bsky.social Dmitry Sutormin et al, in collaboration with Georg Seelig (UW) and Neel Dey (Fred Hutch). www.nature.com/articles/s41...

1 month ago 13 7 0 1

Cyclic tri-adenylate signalling by a Panoptes anti-phage guard system with a CARF-TM effector www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03...

1 month ago 12 9 0 0

A recipient-based anti-conjugation factor triggers an abortive mechanism by targeting the Type IV secretion system www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03...

1 month ago 13 4 0 0
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Capturing dynamic phage–pathogen coevolution by clinical surveillance @nature.com @ucberkeleyofficial.bsky.social
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

1 month ago 38 22 1 1

Semirandom DNA adducts regulate a filamentous defence-associated reverse transcriptase www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03...

1 month ago 6 4 0 0

Structural and mechanistic insights into the dual-nuclease defense protein Upx as an anti-phage system | Nature Communications https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-70435-x

1 month ago 4 4 0 0

Our work on bacterial Schlafens in phage defense is out today @natmicrobiol.nature.com!

Check out the final version here:
rdcu.be/e7Bmz

We are looking for postdocs and students to expand our team! Official postings are coming soon.

Please reach out if you're interested!
#phage #phagesky #microsky

1 month ago 59 30 0 2

CBASS is a cyclic nucleotide-based antiviral system in bacteria that is related to cGAS-STING signaling in animals. One of the big questions is how CBASS is activated during phage infection? We made some progress on this during my final year in the Kranzusch lab.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...

1 month ago 49 27 3 2
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With Eugene Koonin, we propose a concept of “the selfish ribosome”, under which evolution of life is viewed as a ribosomal takeover, where the ribosome evolved to consume most of the cell’s resources, while other cellular componentry ensures the propagation of the ribosome. arxiv.org/abs/2602.23268

1 month ago 239 104 5 16
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Elegant study from @erinhuiting.bsky.social @jbdsf.bsky.social on CBASS phage inhibition without loss of cell viability. Especially interesting to see this phenotype with a CapV membrane-targeting effector and evidence for 3'3'-cGAMP transport!

www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...

1 month ago 18 3 4 0
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Happy by a recent biorxiv pre-print about DARNA (PD-T7-3) anti-phage defense system. This system is activated by binding to ssDNA, presented by phage SSB, to cleave tRNA in the anti-codon loop.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...

1 month ago 46 24 1 0

New preprint on Detectrons from @jihoon-han.bsky.social! These are programmable biosensors for RNA that produce DNA barcodes in the presence of their target RNA. Check out Jihoon's quoted thread and the preprint for more:
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...

2 months ago 16 9 0 0
Bacterial defense via RES-mediated NAD+ depletion is countered by phage phosphatases Many bacterial defense systems restrict phage infection by breaking the molecule NAD+ to its constituents, adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) and nicotinamide (Nam). To counter NAD+ depletion-mediated defense, phages evolved NAD+ reconstitution pathway 1 (NARP1), which uses ADPR and Nam to rebuild NAD+. Here we report a bacterial defense system called aRES, involving RES-domain proteins that degrade NAD+ into Nam and ADPR-1″-phosphate (ADPR-1P). This molecule cannot serve as a substrate for NARP1, so that NAD+ depletion by aRES defends against phages even if they encode NARP1. We further discover that some phages evolved an extended NARP1 pathway capable of overcoming aRES defense. In these phages, the NARP1 operon also includes a specialized phosphatase, which dephosphorylates ADPR-1P to form ADPR, a substrate from which NARP1 then reconstitutes NAD+. Other phages encode inhibitors that directly bind aRES proteins and physically block their active sites. Our study describes new layers in the NAD+-centric arms race between bacteria and phages and highlights the centrality of the NAD+ pool in cellular battles between viruses and their hosts. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. European Research Council, ERC-AdG GA 101018520 Israel Science Foundation, MAPATS grant 2720/22 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, SPP 2330, grant 464312965 Minerva Foundation with funding from the Federal German Ministry for Education and Research research grant from Magnus Konow in honor of his mother Olga Konow Rappaport Ministry of Aliyah and Immigrant Absorption, https://ror.org/05aycsg86 Clore Scholars Program

We found a new mode by which bacteria deplete NAD+ to protect from phages. And then we found how phages overcome this defense

Discovered by talented biochemist Dr Ilya Osterman, read the preprint: tinyurl.com/Narp-ap

A thread 🧵

2 months ago 46 15 2 0
A methylome-derived m6-dAMP trigger assembles a PUA-Cal-HAD immune filament that depletes dNTPs to abort phage infection Bacteria must distinguish phage attack from normal homeostatic processes, yet the danger signals that trigger many defence systems remain unknown. Here, we show that a PUA-Calcineurin-CE-HAD module from Escherichia coli ECOR28 confers broad anti-phage protection by binding Dam-methylated deoxyadenosine monophosphate (m6-dAMP) generated during phage-induced chromosome degradation. Ligand binding converts a preassembled PUA-Calcineurin-CE hexamer loaded with six HAD phosphatases into a polymerising filament. The filament acts as a high-flux dNTP sink through a two-enzyme cascade: HAD first dephosphorylates dATP to dADP, and Calcineurin-CE then converts dADP to dAMP. dNTP collapse halts phage replication and enforces abortive infection. Multiple mobile-element DNA mimic proteins block filament assembly, revealing a direct phage counter-defence. More broadly, our findings extend a conserved, cross-kingdom paradigm of immune filament assembly to nucleotide-depletion antiviral defence and suggest modified-nucleotide sensing by related PUA-Calcineurin-CE modules as a widespread, underappreciated bacterial strategy. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, https://ror.org/01qqpzg67, Postdoctoral Bridging Fellowship F.L.N. is supported by a Wessex Health Partners (WHP) and National Institute for Health and Care Research Wessex Experimental Medicine Network (NIHR WEMN), Seed fund National Institutes of Health, GM145888, U24 GM129539) Maloris Foundation Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, P30-CA008748 Simons Foundation, SF349247 New York State Assembly

Preprint out: We characterise PUA-Cal-HAD, a widespread bacterial antiphage defence family. An infection cue switches a preassembled complex into an immune filament that drains dNTPs via a coupled two-enzyme cascade, and phage DNA mimics can block filament assembly (anti-polymerisation).

3 months ago 34 19 1 0

Most plasmids described in E. coli are small compared to the megaplasmids we identified here! Check out the preprint if you want to learn about these mysterious large elements and their potential functions 🧬. I’m very grateful to have had the opportunity to work on this in @banfieldlab.bsky.social

6 months ago 34 19 2 1
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RNA-triggered Cas12a3 cleaves tRNA tails to execute bacterial immunity - Nature Cas12a3 nucleases constitute a distinct clade of type V CRISPR–Cas bacterial immune systems that preferentially cleave the 3′ tails of tRNAs after recognition of target RNA to induce growth arres...

Our paper is out! Hiding in plain sight among Cas12a nucleases, Cas12a3 cleaves not its RNA target but the 3′ ends of tRNA. Huge thanks to all who made this possible, especially the Beisel lab, Biao & Dirk for the structure, & @sebastianglatt.bsky.social for all things tRNA. doi.org/10.1038/s415...

3 months ago 37 21 1 0
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The EMBO Gold Medal 2025 was awarded to Tanmay Bharat and David Bikard: www.embo.org/press-releases/embo-gold... 🧪

At #CellBio2025, the EMBO Gold Medal was handed over to David Bikard in recognition of his pioneering work on #GeneEditing.

4 months ago 60 16 8 1

Structural basis of Retron-Eco8-mediated anti-phage defense www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12...

4 months ago 3 2 0 0
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The Ppl protein senses 3′-hydroxyl DNA overhangs and NTP depletion to halt phage infection Xu et al. reveal that the Ppl defense system protects bacteria from phages by acting as a “double-check” security system. It requires two simultaneous phage-induced stresses to activate, a sophisticated mechanism that ensures effective immunity while preventing premature abortive infection.

Online Now: The Ppl protein senses 3′-hydroxyl DNA overhangs and NTP depletion to halt phage infection Online now:

4 months ago 6 4 0 0
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Structural mechanism of the Retron-Eco7 anti-phage defense system - Nature Communications The Retron-Eco7 is a genetic element involved in anti-phage defense that encodes two effector proteins (PtuA and PtuB) and cleaves the host tRNA. Here, the authors solved the Retron-Eco7 complex struc...

www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Structural mechanism of the Retron-Eco7 anti-phage defense system

4 months ago 9 5 0 0
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⭐ NAR Breakthrough! ⭐
🦠 New study shows phage X1 hijacks Yersinia's enterocolitica flagellum to inject its DNA directly into the cytosol. Yersinia, though, strikes back!
🦠 A fascinating look at the #dualrole of #flagella in #viralentry and #bacterialimmunity.
🧬 Read more: doi.org/10.1093/nar/...

4 months ago 11 5 0 0

Bacteriophage genome-wide transposon mutagenesis www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11....

4 months ago 11 3 0 0