Hanging indents aren’t just for looks - APA 7th edition requires proper formatting. First line flush left, other lines indented 0.5″.
For help, see @erinwrightwriting.bsky.social's excellent Word guide here: www.youtube.com/watch?v=65UQ...
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Will you be writing or editing an APA Style paper this weekend? What questions can we can help answer?
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APA Style FAQ Q: How do you form the possessive with a narrative citation? Where does the apostrophe "s" go? A: Add the apostrophe and "s" to the name or names, before the year in parentheses. Examples: Tuckman's (1965) article Valeri and VanderWeele's (2013) study Podsakoff et al.'s (2003) findings APA's (2025) survey
Narrative in-text citations often use a possessive form. But where to place the apostrophe "s"? In this #APAStyleFAQ, you'll find the answer along with examples, even for citations with "et al."
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APA Style reference: Anderson, P. T. (Director). (2025). One battle after another [Film]. Warner Bros. Pictures; Ghoulardi Film Company; Domain Entertainment. Parenthetical citation: (Anderson, 2025) Narrative citation: Anderson (2025)
Reference for the movie One Battle After Another, which was awarded Best Picture at the #Oscars.
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Why are references important? Why can't authors just provide links for the online works they are citing? Check out this short clip for some of the reasons why references are helpful for both readers and authors:
🔗 www.youtube.com/clip/UgkxsIlmWfuTChSDbY_...
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👉 Running heads are not needed in student papers (unless an instructor has provided you with additional requirements).
📚 Guidelines for page headers can be found in Section 2.18 of the Publication Manual (7th ed.) and on our site:
🔗 apastyle.apa.org/style-gramma...
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Q: Can I cite a quote from a YouTube video? A: Yes! In the in-text citation, where you would include a page number for a quote from a written work, include the time stamp instead. Use the time for the beginning of the quotation. Use this guideline from Publication Manual (7th ed.) Section 8.28 to quote from other audiovisual works too, including TV shows, podcast episodes, audiobooks, and streaming videos. Example: Instead of “(Espinoza, 2026, p. 15)” you would write “(Espinoza, 2026, 1:41)” to indicate the time when the quote begins.
The guidance in this APA Style FAQ comes from Section 8.28 of the Publication Manual (7th ed.): "Direct Quotation of Material Without Page Numbers."
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Are you writing or editing an APA Style paper this week? What questions can we can help answer?
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Fix citations fast with PapersFlow! Verify styles, fix errors, and submit confidently. Try free → https://papersflow.ai/ #AcademicWriting #Citations #Bibliography #LaTeX #Research #PhD #GradSchool #RND #APA7 #MLA #ChicagoStyle
APA Style FAQ Q: In a reference list, how do you order entries that begin with surnames including spaces (e.g., "van den Boomen" or "de Onís")? A: In the list, order references alphabetically, comparing the name of each first author letter by letter, disregarding spaces. Example: van den Boomen, C., … van der Kleij, S. W., … Vanderwal, T., … Van Overwalle, F., …
The guidance in this #APAStyle FAQ comes from Section 9.44 of the Publication Manual (7th ed.): "Order of Works in the Reference List."
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What's NOT in an #APAStyle reference for a book or an ebook?
👉 The file format, platform, and device (e.g., Kindle) are details not included in the reference.
👉 The location of the publisher is also not included in the reference.
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📖 Printed books and their ebook equivalents use the same reference format. Templates and examples are in Section 10.2 of the #APAStyle Publication Manual (7th ed.).
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APA Style Reference: Greenberg, L. S. (2025). On becoming emotion focused. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000466-000 Parenthetical citation: (Greenberg, 2025) Narrative citation: Greenberg (2025)
References for authored books include the author name(s), the year, the title, and the publisher's name. When a book has a DOI, include that as the last detail in the source element of the reference, after the publisher's name.
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APA Style FAQ Q: In a reference, if an article's title ends with a question mark, should you also include the period that usually ends the title element? A: Don't add a period. The question mark replaces the usual period. Example: Peng, D., Iqbal, Z., & Zentall, T. R. (2026). Ephemeral reward task: Why is it so difficult for pigeons to learn it? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, 52(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000397 (In the image, there is a circle drawing attention to the question mark that appears after the word "it" and before the beginning of the journal's title.)
This FAQ is about punctuation in references. Each element of #APAStyle references (i.e., the author, date, title, and source) usually ends with a period.
👉 An exception is when the title element ends in a question mark, as in this example.
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#APAStyle references include four elements:
🔹 author
🔹 date
🔹 title
🔹 source
👉 Learn more: apastyle.apa.org/style-gramma...
👉 Reference examples: apastyle.apa.org/style-gramma...
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Our webinar about AI in academic writing is now available on our YouTube channel!
🔗 YouTube playlist: AI and APA Style
youtube.com/playlist?lis...
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This free tutorial includes guidelines about
🔹 paper organization
🔹 grammar and usage
🔹 bias-free language
🔹 mechanics of style
🔹 tables and figures
🔹 in-text citations
🔹 paraphrasing
🔹 quotations
🔹 reference list format and order
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Academic Writer Tutorial: Basics of Seventh Edition APA Style
If you will be learning and using #APAStyle for the first time this semester, don't miss our free tutorial!
🔗 apastyle.apa.org/instructiona...
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These #APA7 guidelines and examples of the format are in Section 8.9 of the Publication Manual (7th ed.) and also on our site:
🔗 apastyle.apa.org/style-gramma...
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#CiteYourSources #APAStyle
APA Style FAQ: What formatting should I use when writing about letters or words? A: Use quotation marks "to refer to a letter, word, phrase, or sentence as a linguistic example or as itself." This guideline is from Publication Manual (7th ed.) Section 6.7. Examples: the letter "e" We highlighted the words "yes" and no." and The word "Monday" begins with the letter "M."
When writing about writing (i.e., writing about letters, words, phrases, sentences, and so forth), careful formatting helps the reader understand your meaning. In this week's FAQ, we address the question of how to format letters or words (use quotation marks).
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When creating a reference for a standard or guideline (e.g., OSHA), use the report template from Section 10.4 of the Publication Manual (7th ed.).
🔗 Examples: apastyle.apa.org/style-gramma...
❓ What other examples might be useful on this page?
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❓ What other types of book examples would be useful to include?
#CiteYourSources #APA7 #APAreferences #CitingBooks
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"CHAPTER 1" typewritten on a piece of paper that appears to be beneath a typewriter guide.
When creating a reference to a book or book chapter, the format depends on whether the book is an authored or an edited book. This post includes details and examples of each:
🔗 apastyle.apa.org/blog/book-ch...
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Happy New Year!
As we plan 2026 posts for the #APAStyle blog and new handouts and guides, we'd love your input!
❓ Which have been the most useful?
❓ What topics would you like us to cover more?
🔗 apastyle.apa.org/blog
🔗 apastyle.apa.org/instructiona...
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Will you be learning or teaching APA Style in 2026?
📰 Subscribe to our free monthly newsletter for #APAStyle news, tips, and links to teaching resources.
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From Section 6.45 the APA Style Publication Manual (7th ed.): "Space mathematical copy as you would space words: a+b=c is as difficult to read as wordswithoutspacing. Instead, type a + b = c."
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FAQ: Is it okay for an #APAStyle paper to have no headings?
A: Yes: “Use only the number of headings necessary to differentiate distinct sections in your paper; short student papers may not require any headings.”—Publication Manual (7th ed.), Section 2.27 #APA7
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"However, ..." and many other options for indicating contrast are given in our Transitions Guide, available on our Handouts and Guides page.
🔗 apastyle.apa.org/instructiona...
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