Abrupt distal CBD cut-off + proximal dilatation + shouldered stricture → malignant distal biliary obstruction.

Most likely: Pancreatic head carcinoma.

Metastatic disease → poor prognosis (median survival <1 year).

#GastroAGI #PancreaticCancer #Cholangiogram #MedEd

🎯 HCC treatment is evolving…
TACE + immunotherapy + targeted therapy shows stronger outcomes—but are we ready to change practice?

⚠️ Promising data, but guidelines still need phase III confirmation

#GastroAGI #HCC #MedSky #Liver

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NF-κB drives fibrosis 🔥. Activated by cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), PAMPs/DAMPs & oxidative stress → chronic inflammation. Activates fibroblasts & hepatic stellate cells via ↑TGF-β → collagen deposition; ↑TIMPs → ↓ECM breakdown. Targets: NF-κB inhibitors, anti-TNF/IL-1β, NAC, TGF-β blockers.
#GastroAGI

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🧬 PAMPs from gut microbes/viruses activate TLRs/NLRs on Kupffer cells → NF-κB inflammation & ROS → hepatocyte injury + fibrosis. Central in ALD, NAFLD/MASLD, HBV/HCV. Targets: TLR blockade, microbiome modulation, NAC, cytokine therapy.

#LiverDisease #PAMPs #Immunology #GastroAGI #Hepatology

CT chest shows a markedly dilated, fluid-filled oesophagus with smooth distal tapering—classic achalasia. Diagnosis confirmed on high-resolution manometry (Type II). Post-POEM, dysphagia improved from 3 to 1, showing excellent multimodal concordance.
#Achalasia #POEM #GIImaging #Manometry #GastroAGI

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#GastroAGI #Gastroenterology #Hepatology

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🔬 GastroAGI | February 2026 Updates

New February updates across key GI & liver topics: Liver Transplantation, Endoscopy, IBD, GI Oncology, Upper GI, Cirrhosis, and Fatty Liver Disease (MASLD).

Explore more: gastroagi.com

#GastroAGI #Gastroenterology #Hepatology #MedEd

Colonoscopy Safety

#GastroAGI #AJG #Endoscopy #Colonoscopy #PatientSafety #GIResearch

Nutrition in Cirrhosis & Liver Transplant

#GastroAGI #Hepatology #Cirrhosis #LiverTransplant #Nutrition #Sarcopenia #Frailty #Prehabilitation #TransplantMedicine #LiverDisease

Human Albumin in Cirrhosis

#GastroAGI #Hepatology #Cirrhosis #Albumin #LiverDisease #HRS #Ascites #SBP

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Autoantibodies in MASLD (ANA, ASMA) are common and signal worse prognosis: higher risk of liver decompensation and mortality. They mark immune activation, predict progression to cACLD, and support risk stratification and closer monitoring. #GastroAGI #MASLD #Liver

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Biliary drainage in surgically altered anatomy is challenging as standard ERCP often fails.

Device-assisted ERCP and EUS-guided drainage are key options, with interventional EUS showing higher success and fewer reinterventions.

#GastroAGI #Endoscopy