Building new hydrography and virtual watersheds to conserve freshwater fisheries
Freshwater biodiversity continues to decline across the planet due to anthropogenic impacts1,2,3. Fish species in many regions face extinction and their loss will have far-reaching implications for human well-being4. Environmental impacts that include pollution, land uses, flow regulation, and climate change5,6 accumulate within hierarchical river networks7,8,9. The resulting degraded and fragmented habitats10,11,12 are causing declines in many freshwater and diadromous fish populations worldwide3,13,14. Addressing the challenges that fish species face within freshwater ecosystems in the 21st -century depends on knowing how physical and biological features in watersheds interact to create habitats in river networks and knowing where those habitats are located at the scale of entire basins to regions15,16. Fish habitats are strongly influenced by the longitudinal sequence of channel morphologies17,18,19; channel interactions with floodplains, valley floors, and hillsides20,21; and the density and characteristics of tributary confluences22,23,24,25,26. Food resources and thermal regulation mediated by riparian vegetation, lakes and wetlands, and groundwater and hyporheic processes also influence the spatial distribution and diversity of freshwater habitats27,28,29,30. Thus, features of freshwater ecosystems that influence fish habitats have been studied at varying levels of detail and scale over the last several decades31,32,33. At the most fundamental level of mapping, a geography of rivers and...
Building new hydrography and virtual watersheds to conserve freshwater fisheries
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