Could identifying the viral trigger of ME/CFS inform future therapeutics? A recent study analysed immune cells from 10 individuals with long COVID (LC)-ME/CFS (meeting Canadian Consensus Criteria) and 10 controls (recovered from infection) Findings were compared with existing datasets from idiopathic ME/CFS patients.
Whilst there were similarities, LC-ME/CFS showed both extensive immune cell depletion AND hyperactivation, whereas idiopathic ME/CFS showed immune cell activation without the same level of immune cell loss.
Signs of T cell exhaustion (T cells overworked to point of malfunction) present in LC, not in idiopathic ME/CFS.
As this is a snapshot, it cannot rule out that idiopathic ME/CFS might start out with similar immune changes. Though, these results suggest that understanding viral triggers like SARS-CoV-2 could guide future therapeutics.
Note: authors do not define idiopathic ME/CFS Shahbaz, S. et al (2026). Single-cell analysis reveals immune remodeling of monocytes, NK cells, T cell exhaustion, and Galectin-9—associated depletion of gamma delta and mucosal-associated invariant T cells in Long COVID with ME/CFS. Frontiers in Immunology, [online]. INFORM. INFLUENCE. INVEST.
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ME Research UK:
A recent study found differences in the extent of immune changes in ME/CFS following SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. idiopathic ME/CFS. Do different viral triggers produce variations in underlying pathophysiology?
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