🧠⚡️Kynurenines whisper to mitochondria… what happens next? 🔬 Receptors tune ATP, NAD+ & mitophagy. One LC-MS run tracks the whole story 🚀 @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social #Neuroscience #Metabolism #Mitochondria #Kynurenine #Metabolomics #LCMS
Dive in 👇🧬✨
www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/15...

Revised & stronger: new LC-MS data, added controls, integrated QA→NAD⁺→TCA analyses 🔬🧠⚡🧬📊
@mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social #Neuroscience #OpenScience #Mitochondria #Kynurenine
Read & cite ➜ www.preprints.org/manuscript/2...

One molecule tweak = safer brain drugs! 🤯🧪 KYNA analogs preserve motor control while modulating glutamate! 🧠✨
@mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social #Neuroscience #DrugDesign #Kynurenine #Schizophrenia #Parkinsons
Explore now 👉 doi.org/10.3390/cell...

**Bold fact:** Normal behavior can hide toxic brain chemistry ⚡🧠🧪 KAT II KO rewires Trp–KYN pathways & boosts excitotoxic stress!🔬🚨 @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social
#Neuroscience #Psychiatry #Neurobiology #Tryptophan #Kynurenine
👉 Read
www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14...

#Tryptophan’s fate 🔥 decides between #Mood 🧠, #Cancer ⚖️, or #Neurodegeneration!🧬Our study exposes #KYN checkpoints⚡ shaping the #Gut– #Brain axis!
#NeuroImmunity #Kynurenine @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social
👉 www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13...

🌍 This roadmap links #Lifestyle, #Probiotics & precision #Drugs into closed-loop therapies!
The goal? Recalibrate the #Kynurenine axis across #Mood, #Cancer, #Neurodegeneration & #Metabolism!💡 @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social
👉 Read here: doi.org/10.3390/biom...

The Power Struggle: Kynurenine Pathway Enzyme Knockouts and Brain Mitochondrial Respiration Kynurenine pathway enzyme knockouts impair mitochondrial respiration. The deletion of kynurenine aminotransferase genes leads to significant impairment of mitochondrial respiration and ATP production...

🚀🧠 Breakthrough: The #kynurenine pathway 🧬💡 could unlock #Therapies for #Brain energy loss ⚡🔋 in psychiatric & neuro disorders! 🩺🌍 #Innovation #TherapeuticTarget #Neuropsychiatry
doi.org/10.1111/jnc....

🧠💥 Did you know #Depression may be coded in your #Immune system?😲🔥Our paper shows how #Inflammation+ #Kynurenine 🧬shape the #Brain ! @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social #DrugDiscovery #MedChem #Oncology #Neuropharma
📖Read more👉 www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18...

#Tryptophan’s fate 🔥 decides between #Mood 🧠, #Cancer ⚖️, or #Neurodegeneration!🧬Our study exposes #KYN checkpoints⚡ shaping the #Gut– #Brain axis!
#NeuroImmunity #Kynurenine @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social
👉 www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13...

🧠💥 #Depression, #PTSD & #Alzheimer’s may share a #Tryptophan storm!😱 KAT2 knockout mice reveal #Brain-region rewiring in #Trp– #kynurenine metabolism🔄🔥 @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social #Neuroscience #Depression #PTSD #Tryptophan #Kynurenine
👉
www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14...

🤔What if #Despair had a biochemical fingerprint?💥🧠
Our study links #Trp dysregulation to #Depression & #PTSD—new targets, new #Hope 💫🔍 @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social
#Neuroscience #Kynurenine #BrainHealth
💬 Join the conversation: www.preprints.org/manuscript/2...

🔍We mapped enzyme “
#Checkpoints” at single-cell resolution!
📌 #Microglial & #Endothelial hotspots=key regulators!
💡 Found #Sex-specific timing windows & microbial levers that can tilt #Kynurenine away from toxicity and toward protection.
@mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social
👉 www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13...

🧠💥 #Depression, #PTSD & #Alzheimer’s may share a #Tryptophan storm!😱 KAT2 knockout mice reveal #Brain-region rewiring in #Trp– #kynurenine metabolism🔄🔥 @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social #Neuroscience #Depression #PTSD #Tryptophan #Kynurenine
👉
www.preprints.org/manuscript/2...

🚨 Time to rethink the #Kynurenine pathway! It’s not just toxic vs. protective—it’s a dynamic spectrum🌈! @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social #Neuroscience #BrainHealth #ParadigmShift 📖 Dive deeper & share! 🔁
www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25...

🧠💥 #Depression, #PTSD & #Alzheimer’s may share a #Tryptophan storm!😱 KAT2 knockout mice reveal #Brain-region rewiring in #Trp– #kynurenine metabolism🔄🔥 @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social
#Neuroscience #Depression #PTSD #Tryptophan #Kynurenine
👉
www.preprints.org/manuscript/2...

The Power Struggle: Kynurenine Pathway Enzyme Knockouts and Brain Mitochondrial Respiration Kynurenine pathway enzyme knockouts impair mitochondrial respiration. The deletion of kynurenine aminotransferase genes leads to significant impairment of mitochondrial respiration and ATP production....

🚀🧠 Breakthrough: The #kynurenine pathway 🧬💡 could unlock #Therapies for #Brain energy loss ⚡🔋 in psychiatric & neuro disorders! 🩺🌍 #Innovation #TherapeuticTarget #Neuropsychiatry
doi.org/10.1111/jnc....

Ready to recalibrate 📢 the #Gut– #Brain axis? Our roadmap 🌍 bridges #Omics ✨, trials 🧠, & smart #Therapeutics! @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social
#SystemsBiology #Kynurenine #Neuroscience
🔗 Dive in & share!
www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13...

🧠💥 Did you know #Depression may be coded in your #Immune system?😲🔥Our paper shows how #Inflammation+ #Kynurenine 🧬shape the #Brain ! @MDPIOpenAccess @Pharmaceut_MDPI #DrugDiscovery #MedChem #Oncology #Neuropharma
📖Read more👉 www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18...

Dysregulation of the Kynurenine Pathway, Cytokine Expression Pattern, and Proteomics Profile Link to Symptomology in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) - Molecular Neurobiology Dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) is believed to play a significant role in neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders. While some evidence links the KP to myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), further studies are needed to clarify the overall picture of how inflammation-driven KP disturbances may contribute to symptomology in ME/CFS. Here, we report that plasma levels of most bioactive KP metabolites differed significantly between ME/CFS patients and healthy controls in a manner consistent with their known contribution to symptomology in other neurological disorders. Importantly, we found that enhanced production of the first KP metabolite, kynurenine (KYN), correlated with symptom severity, highlighting the relationship between inflammation, KP dysregulation, and ME/CFS symptomology. Other significant changes in the KP included lower levels of the downstream KP metabolites 3-HK, 3-HAA, QUIN, and PIC that could negatively impact cellular energetics. We also rationalized KP dysregulation to changes in the expression of inflammatory cytokines and, for the first time, assessed levels of the iron (Fe)-regulating hormone hepcidin that is also inflammation-responsive. Levels of hepcidin in ME/CFS decreased nearly by half, which might reflect systemic low Fe levels or possibly ongoing hypoxia. We next performed a proteomics screen to survey for other significant differences in protein expression in ME/CFS. Interestingly, out of the seven most significantly modulated proteins in ME/CFS patient plasma, 5 proteins have roles in maintaining gut health, which considering the new appreciation of how gut microbiome and health modulates systemic KP could highlight a new explanation of symptomology in ME/CFS patients and potential new prognostic biomarker/s and/or treatment avenues.

Molecular Neurobiology Article
Dysregulation of the Kynurenine Pathway, Cytokine Expression Pattern, and Proteomics Profile Link to Symptomology in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)
@danielmissailidis.bsky.social et al.
Published: 28 November 2023

#ME/CFS #Kynurenine

😱 It’s not just #Serotonin 🎯— #Kynurenine metabolites🧬hijack #Synapses !⚡, driving #Despair😔+ #Anxiety 😵‍💫 @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social #DrugDiscovery #MedChem #Oncology #Neuropharma
See how🧩in our study
www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18...

Oxidative and Excitatory Neurotoxic Stresses in CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Kynurenine Aminotransferase Knockout Mice: A Novel Model for Despair-Based Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Backgrounds: Memory and emotion are especially vulnerable to psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is linked to disruptions in serotonin (5-HT)...

Tweet 3 (Discovery)
🌪️No KAT2=↑ #OxidativeStress +⚡ #Excitotoxicity +🛡️↓ protective KYNA! Mice sink into #Despair—but #Anxiety & #Memory stay intact! A razor-sharp #Depression model 🔍💭 #PTSD #Neuroscience #MentalHealth #Kynurenine #TranslationalResearch
Dive in & share!
doi.org/10.31083/FBL...

🧩 #Kynurenine isn’t just “good” or “bad.” Its effects flip depending on concentration & context🔬Neuroprotection can turn toxic🚨 @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social #Alzheimers #MS #Cancer
Share to spark debate!💬 www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25...

🤔What if the same #Molecule that protects your brain could also destroy it? The #Tryptophan– #KYN pathway isn’t black & white!⚖️ @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social #Neuroscience #Kynurenine #BrainHealth #Innovation
www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13...

From Microbial Switches to Metabolic Sensors: Rewiring the Gut–Brain Kynurenine Circuit The kynurenine (KYN) metabolic pathway sits at the crossroads of immunity, metabolism, and neurobiology, yet its clinical translation remains fragmented. Emerging spatial omics, wearable chronobiology, and synthetic microbiota studies reveal that tryptophan (Trp) metabolism is regulated by distinct cellular “checkpoints” along the gut–brain axis, finely modulated by sex differences, circadian rhythms, and microbiome composition. However, current interventions tackle single levers in isolation, leaving a key gap in the precision control of Trp’s fate. To address this, we drew upon an extensive body of the primary literature and databases, mapping enzyme expression across tissues at single-cell resolution and linking these profiles to clinical trials investigating dual indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)/tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) inhibitors, engineered probiotics, and chrono-modulated dosing strategies. We then developed decision-tree algorithms that rank therapeutic combinations against biomarker feedback loops derived from real-time saliva, plasma, and stool metabolomics. This synthesis pinpoints microglial and endothelial KYN hotspots, quantifies sex-specific chronotherapeutic windows, and identifies engineered Bifidobacterium consortia and dual inhibitors as synergistic nodes capable of reducing immunosuppressive KYN while preserving neuroprotective kynurenic acid. Here, we highlight a framework that couples lifestyle levers, bio-engineered microbes, and adaptive pharmaco-regimens into closed-loop “smart protocols.” By charting these intersections, this study offers a roadmap for biomarker-guided, multidisciplinary interventions that could recalibrate KYN metabolic activity across cancer, mood, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders, appealing to clinicians, bioengineers, and systems biologists alike.

🤔What if the same #Molecule that protects your brain could also destroy it? The #Tryptophan– #KYN pathway isn’t black & white!⚖️ @IJMS_MDPI @MDPIOpenAccess #Neuroscience #Kynurenine #BrainHealth #Innovation
www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13...

From Microbial Switches to Metabolic Sensors: Rewiring the Gut–Brain Kynurenine Circuit The kynurenine (KYN) metabolic pathway sits at the crossroads of immunity, metabolism, and neurobiology, yet its clinical translation remains fragmented. Emerging spatial omics, wearable chronobiology, and synthetic microbiota studies reveal that tryptophan (Trp) metabolism is regulated by distinct cellular “checkpoints” along the gut–brain axis, finely modulated by sex differences, circadian rhythms, and microbiome composition. However, current interventions tackle single levers in isolation, leaving a key gap in the precision control of Trp’s fate. To address this, we drew upon an extensive body of the primary literature and databases, mapping enzyme expression across tissues at single-cell resolution and linking these profiles to clinical trials investigating dual indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)/tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) inhibitors, engineered probiotics, and chrono-modulated dosing strategies. We then developed decision-tree algorithms that rank therapeutic combinations against biomarker feedback loops derived from real-time saliva, plasma, and stool metabolomics. This synthesis pinpoints microglial and endothelial KYN hotspots, quantifies sex-specific chronotherapeutic windows, and identifies engineered Bifidobacterium consortia and dual inhibitors as synergistic nodes capable of reducing immunosuppressive KYN while preserving neuroprotective kynurenic acid. Here, we highlight a framework that couples lifestyle levers, bio-engineered microbes, and adaptive pharmaco-regimens into closed-loop “smart protocols.” By charting these intersections, this study offers a roadmap for biomarker-guided, multidisciplinary interventions that could recalibrate KYN metabolic activity across cancer, mood, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders, appealing to clinicians, bioengineers, and systems biologists alike.

#Tryptophan’s fate 🔥 decides between #Mood 🧠, #Cancer ⚖️, or #Neurodegeneration!🧬Our study exposes #KYN checkpoints⚡ shaping the #Gut– #Brain axis!
#NeuroImmunity #Kynurenine @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social
👉 www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13...

🧠💥 Did you know #Depression may be coded in your #Immune system?😲🔥Our paper shows how #Inflammation+ #Kynurenine 🧬shape the #Brain ! @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social #DrugDiscovery #MedChem #Oncology #Neuropharma
📖 Read more 👉 www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18...

✨ #Tryptophan, the “#Mood #AminoAcid,” faces a fork in the road:➡️ #Serotonin/melatonin 🌙➡️ #Kynurenine ⚡ #Sex ♂♀, #Circadian clocks ⏰, and #Microbiota 🦠 decide its fate—shaping mood, i#Immunity, even #Neurodegeneration.
@mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social
👉 www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13...

From Microbial Switches to Metabolic Sensors: Rewiring the Gut–Brain Kynurenine Circuit The kynurenine (KYN) metabolic pathway sits at the crossroads of immunity, metabolism, and neurobiology, yet its clinical translation remains fragmented. Emerging spatial omics, wearable chronobiology, and synthetic microbiota studies reveal that tryptophan (Trp) metabolism is regulated by distinct cellular “checkpoints” along the gut–brain axis, finely modulated by sex differences, circadian rhythms, and microbiome composition. However, current interventions tackle single levers in isolation, leaving a key gap in the precision control of Trp’s fate. To address this, we drew upon an extensive body of the primary literature and databases, mapping enzyme expression across tissues at single-cell resolution and linking these profiles to clinical trials investigating dual indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)/tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) inhibitors, engineered probiotics, and chrono-modulated dosing strategies. We then developed decision-tree algorithms that rank therapeutic combinations against biomarker feedback loops derived from real-time saliva, plasma, and stool metabolomics. This synthesis pinpoints microglial and endothelial KYN hotspots, quantifies sex-specific chronotherapeutic windows, and identifies engineered Bifidobacterium consortia and dual inhibitors as synergistic nodes capable of reducing immunosuppressive KYN while preserving neuroprotective kynurenic acid. Here, we highlight a framework that couples lifestyle levers, bio-engineered microbes, and adaptive pharmaco-regimens into closed-loop “smart protocols.” By charting these intersections, this study offers a roadmap for biomarker-guided, multidisciplinary interventions that could recalibrate KYN metabolic activity across cancer, mood, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders, appealing to clinicians, bioengineers, and systems biologists alike.

🧠Your #Gut & #Brain are texting in secret codes…😳 But sometimes the autocorrect= #Depression, #Cancer, #Dementia🌌We found the hidden switchboard: the #Kynurenine pathway!🔬Hack it with #Microbes 🦠, clocks ⏰ & smart #Drugs!💊 @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social
👉 www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13...

🧠 The #Gut–#Brain chat in secret codes...
🌌 What if we rewrote it to fight #Depression, #Cancer & #Dementia?
🔬Our review maps the #Kynurenine switchboard of #Immunity ⚡ #Metabolism 🔄 #Neurobiology 🦠 @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social
👉 www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13...

🧠Your #Gut & #Brain are texting in secret codes…😳 But sometimes the autocorrect= #Depression, #Cancer, #Dementia🌌We found the hidden switchboard: the #Kynurenine pathway!🔬Hack it with #Microbes 🦠, clocks ⏰ & smart #Drugs!💊 @mdpiopenaccess.bsky.social
👉 www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13...